What it is
Persistent fatigue and the post-exertional crash
Chronic fatigue is a symptom with many possible causes. ME/CFS is a specific, disabling illness that includes post-exertional malaise (PEM): symptoms worsening after activity that was previously manageable.
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PEM can follow physical, cognitive, emotional, or social effort. It may affect fatigue, thinking, pain, sleep, and other symptoms—not just energy. Worsening is often delayed, and recovery can take days or longer.
People experience different levels of limitation, from needing substantial adjustments to being housebound or bedbound. Looking well does not show how much an activity costs.
Persistent fatigue alone does not establish ME/CFS. A clinician considers the complete symptom pattern, duration, change in function, and other explanations.